Sludge a dit:http://bdoc.ofdt.fr/pmb/opac_css/doc_num.php?explnum_id=10943
Un rapport universitaire sur les NPS, ça parle un peu de nous.
moyen de quoter la partie ou on parle de nous, j arrive pas a ouvrire la page.
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Bienvenue sur Psychonaut.fr !
Sludge a dit:http://bdoc.ofdt.fr/pmb/opac_css/doc_num.php?explnum_id=10943
Un rapport universitaire sur les NPS, ça parle un peu de nous.
Bijord a dit:Je conseillerai de jamais prendre de GBL pour ceux qui sont intéressé au GHB/GBL, uniquement du GHB, et ce dés le début!
ArchitektorMaran a dit:L'action d'agoniste sérotoninergique de la MPA est sûrement lié à son très fort potentiel vasoconstricteur (ne pas oublier qu'il y a plusieurs récepteurs à la sérotonine); et la MDMA est principalement un agent libérateur de sérotonine.
Caffeine is one of the most extensively consumed psychostimulants in the world. However, compared to short-term effects of caffeine, the long-term effects of caffeine consumption on learning and memory are poorly characterized. The present study found that long-term consumption of low dose caffeine (0.3 g/L) slowed hippocampus-dependent learning and impaired long-term memory. Caffeine consumption for 4 weeks also significantly reduced hippocampal neurogenesis compared to controls. From these results, we concluded that long-term consumption of caffeine could inhibit hippocampus-dependent learning and memory partially through inhibition of hippocampal neurogenesis.
Peux-tu élaborer un peu?
En ce qui me concerne, je cooke comme i faut parceque le GBL, c'est ultradur à doser, à consommer ( produit trèèèèsss corrosif, surtout pour mes petites seringues à doser en plastique ) et c'est vraiment mauvais. D'autres raisons?
Par contre, la montée est plus "bam dans ta tête" et c'est plus rigolo.
Ouroboros a dit:moyen de quoter la partie ou on parle de nous, j arrive pas a ouvrire la page.
PaRaLLeL a dit:Je tiens quand même à ajouter que ce n'est pas avec ce genre de tableau plein de chiffres, que l'on pourra se rendre compte du danger potentiel.
Je pense que c'est pareil pour le danger potentiel des NBOME, avoir des chiffres concernant la sérotonine, c'est bien, mais en comparant au LSD, il n'y a pas de différence si folle... Bref, à prendre avec des putains de pincettes ces tableaux.
PaRaLLeL a dit:Ce n'est donc surement pas destiné à pouvoir prouver une quelconque toxicité. Spéculer sur ces tableaux, ce serait surtout raconter un tas de conneries, se toucher la nouille en somme.
Jhi-dou a dit:PS: ce serait intéressant d'avoir les données pour des psychédéliques plus classiques et bien étudiés (comme le LSD) histoire de comparer...
Similarly, long term use of methysergide (or the active metabolite methylergometrine) in migraine prophylaxis probably induced valvulopathy by activation of 5-HT 2B receptors (Hutcheson et al., 2011). By contrast, long term use of the anti-Parkinson dopamine agonist lisuride, also a 5-HT 2B antagonist, has not been associated with valvulopathy (Hofmann et al., 2006).
Binding studies of NPS to 5-HT 2A receptors cannot provide useful information about the likely functional selectivity these compounds may have. Another paradox in the cardiovascular safety of LSD is that concentrations that cause cerebral vascular contraction in vitro (pEC 50 of approximately 8; Altura and Altura, 1981) are similar to the plasma concentrations that result from a standard 160 mg dose (approximately 5 ng/ml or 1.5×10 −8 M; Upshall and Wailling, 1972). Perhaps the reason that symptoms such as headache and chest pain following LSD ingestion are relatively rare relates to the fact that LSD and other hallucinogenic 5-HT 2A agonists appear to act as partial agonists in many assays
pizzystrizzy(bluelight) a dit:In general, claims that any of the monoamines 'cause X' without qualification are extreme oversimplications. In the case of dopamine, it has tons of different functions in various different regions and with various different receptors. If it was merely a matter of stimulating dopamine receptors in order to feel good, dopamine agonists would be some of the most abusable drugs in existence, and yet they aren't even slightly fun. Dopamine regulates movement, for example, in a way entirely separate from its effects on mood. There is good reason to believe that the D3 receptor might largely inhibit euphoria. Even with the same receptors, in different parts of the brain the functional result of agonism could be nearly opposite (and I'm not simply referring to autoreceptors vs. post-synaptic receptors). Certainly when dopamine levels get high enough for long enough in a sensitized brain, they directly cause psychosis which is generally not experienced euphorically. Even when the increased dopamine transmission is mediating the positive effects of a drug, in some parts of the brain the subjective feeling is more desire that satiety. So, it is complicated.
All of that said, neuroleptic dopamine antagonists do cause a 'low' of sorts. Not the same kind of low that occurs when you are coming down from a stimulant (indeed, despite your subjective experience, your brain is still flooded with dopamine during that time, but the experience is rather blunted by tachyphylaxis mechanisms). But it is certainly the case that if you take a high dose of a neuroleptic and then subsequently attempt to take a stimulant, it is not going to work very well. Some neuroleptics of course, particularly at low doses (I'm thinking especially of amisulpride here), will block dopamine receptors but preferentially block presynaptic auto-receptors. Others, particularly those in the the atypical class, aren't really occupying a very high percentage of d2 receptors (and tend to dissociate rapidly), while more potently blocking 5ht receptors, some of which (e.g., 5ht-6) are known to magnify the subjective response to dopamine in the nuccleus accumbens when blocked.
Anyway, I could go on, but really my basic point is just that it is a great deal more complicated than "DA = euphoria" or "5ht = happy" and the like... That kind of logic conceals at least as much as it reveals...
Naltrexone and its active metabolite 6-β-naltrexol are competitive antagonists at μ- and κ-opioid receptors, and to a lesser extent at δ-opioid receptors.[SUP][45][/SUP] The plasma half-life of naltrexone is about 4 h, for 6-β-naltrexol 13 h. The blockade of opioid receptors is the basis behind its action in the management of opioid dependence—it reversibly blocks or attenuates the effects of opioids.
While dopaminergic mechanisms in amphetamine-taking behavior have been extensively studied, the contribution of the endogenous opioid system is less clear. We assessed the effects of an opioid antagonist, naltrexone (50 mg), on the subjective response to an oral dose of dexamphetamine (30 mg) in 12 healthy volunteers in a double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Volunteers received a total of 4 combinations of the study preparation (placebo-naltrexone, placebo-amphetamine) over 4 occasions with 1-week intervals. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of pretreatment with naltrexone on the subjective response to amphetamine. Pretreatment with naltrexone significantly attenuated the subjective effects of amphetamine (P < 0.05), [...]. The results provide preliminary evidence that naltrexone may reduce the reinforcing effects of amphetamine via modulation of the opioid system. The potential of naltrexone as an adjunct pharmaceutical for the treatment of amphetamine dependence is promising and needs to be investigated further.
The μ-opioid receptor is involved in the rewarding effects of not only opioids like morphine but also psychostimulants like amphetamine. [...] These results support the hypothesis that genetic variability in the μ-opioid receptor gene influences the subjective effects of amphetamine and may suggest new strategies for prevention and treatment of psychostimulant abuse.
Abstract: Amphetamine derivatives such as methamphetamine (METH) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “ecstasy”) are widely abused drugs in a recreational context. This has led to concern because of the evidence that they are neurotoxic in animal models and cognitive impairments have been described in heavy abusers. The main targets of these drugs are plasmalemmal and vesicular monoamine transporters, leading to reverse transport and increased monoamine efflux to the synapse. As far as neurotoxicity is concerned, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production seems to be one of the main causes. Recent research has demonstrated that blockade of a7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) inhibits METH- and MDMA-induced ROS production in striatal synaptosomes which is dependent on calcium and on NO-synthase activation. Moreover, a7 nAChR antagonists (methyllycaconitine and memantine) attenuated in vivo the neurotoxicity induced by METH and MDMA, and memantine prevented the cognitive impairment induced by these drugs. Radioligand binding experiments demonstrated that both drugs have affinity to a7 and heteromeric nAChR, with MDMA showing lower K[SUB]i[/SUB] values, while fluorescence calcium experiments indicated that MDMA behaves as a partial agonist on a7 and as an antagonist on heteromeric nAChR. Sustained Ca increase led to calpain and caspase-3 activation. In addition, modulatory effects of MDMA on a7 and heteromeric nAChR populations have been found.