I don't think it's necessarily the veins in your eyes. You see mainly through the iris, so how could you see the veins in your eye even in an altered state?
From wiki: 'The visual system in humans allows individuals to assimilate information from the environment. The act of seeing starts when the lens of the eye focuses an image of its surroundings onto a light-sensitive membrane in the back of the eye, called the retina. The retina is actually part of the brain that is isolated to serve as a transducer[citation needed] for the conversion of patterns of light into neuronal signals. The lens of the eye focuses light on the photoreceptive cells of the retina, which detect the photons of light and respond by producing neural impulses. These signals are processed in a hierarchical fashion by different parts of the brain, from the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus, to the primary and secondary visual cortex of the brain. Signals from the retina can also travel directly from the retina to the Superior colliculus.'
So when that process is distorted by a chemical, the brain tries to gather things, even though it's absent of a stimulus-- and thus, you see flying monkeys and such. It's a bit different when it comes to pseudohallucination(s) , but we won't delve into that.